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Renewable energy has become a hot issue as the solution to avoid the energy crisis, while fossil fuel production has decreased. In this paper, the renewable energy from the potential of vibration power plants on motorcycle suspensions is designed to generate electricity. For that purpose, a module of the powerplant, which contains a series of piezoelectrics, is arranged and installed in the suspension of the motorcycle to convert the suspension vibration to electricity. The experiments are then conducted to get the powerplant's performance for several types of roads. The data acquisition and PC laptop are used in the experimental set-up to get real-time data on the voltage produced by the powerplant. The results show that the concrete road makes 11,9 V, the route with speed bump 30,79 V, and 5,56 V for smooth asphalt. It is shown that the potential of the designed powerplant is to charge the battery while running on the road. The module can be applied to online motorcycle taxis for charging the phone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the European Union's energy policy has seen a trend towards a systematic increase in decarbonization, the main directions of which are reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the EU's energy mix, and increasing energy efficiency. Following the adoption of the first EU climate and energy legislation in 2009, which set out a number of targets and the necessary binding mechanisms to achieve these targets. The EU has come a long way in developing this area of energy policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a crucial technique for photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize their energy conversion efficiency. This paper briefly reviews various MPPT techniques and algorithms utilized in solar-powered systems. The benefits and drawbacks of each strategy are explored, and a brief comparison table is offered to make it easier to choose the best MPPT approach for a given application. The paper also discusses the importance of MPPT research in harvesting pure energy from renewable energy sources. The paper also highlights the power output issues faced by solar-powered systems, especially in partial shading conditions, which reduce the power output of the systems. Nonetheless, the maximum power point (MPP) is the only power point needed to obtain maximum PV power. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into MPPT techniques and algorithms, their strengths, and limitations, and their suitability for different applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy learning is the first step to create energy security in the future. However, in fact, there are still many students who find it difficult to learn about renewable energy in high school. Learning materials have good role in support students in learning physic. Therefore, this study aims to develop learning materials on the renewable energy topic based on STEM framework. The research method used is development study consisting of 3 stages namely the preliminary stage, the prototyping stage and the assessment stage. However, the discussion on this paper just describes the preliminary prototype of STEM-based learning material on renewable energy topic. The subjects of this study are the 10th grade students in Palembang. Data related to prototyping of learning materials are collected by documents and walkthrough. They are analyzed and described descriptively. The results showed the first prototype of the renewable energy learning materials based on STEM framework containing 8 learning objectives on the renewable energy, the limitation of electrical energy problem, the sources related to renewable energy topic, the series of STEM-based activities, and the evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document explores the use of a PDMS layer on a PSF membrane to enhance the separation of CO2 and CH4 gases in biogas. The addition of the PDMS coating improves the selectivity of CO2/CH4 separation by 47.16% and increases the concentration of CH4 by 7.96%. The study conducted by Suleman et al. found that the PDMS/PSF membrane had higher CH4 purity production compared to the neat membrane. The authors suggest that coating the PSF membrane with PDMS is a simple and effective method to improve gas separation performance, but further research is needed to optimize the coating parameters. The study was financially supported by the Palm Oil Plantation Fund Management Agency of Republic Indonesia. [Extracted from the article]

Biogas technology aims to re-use organic waste and poultry manure in an economical and health-safe way to produce new renewable energy with the production of good organic fertilizer and to protect the environment from pollution. The study was conducted to the effect of hydraulic retention first, second, third, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks on the production of biogas from anaerobic fermentation raw poultry manure at the rate (350kg raw:600L water type bioreactor Fixed-dome model designed and installed in poultry field at Agricultural Advisory Office, College of Agriculture, the University of Basra in Kurmat Ali, Iraq. Collected data were analyzed at least significant difference (R.L.S.D.) at P>0.05. Results showed that the best accumulative amounts of biogas were at the 6th and 7th weeks were 3240 and 3288 liters week-1 with a significant increase of 55.67% and 56.70% (v/v)respectively compared to the first week was110 liter week-1, results referred to main biogas ingredients from methane which were 55.67% and 56.70% (v/v), dioxide carbon 34.02%, 32.65% (v/v) with an insignificant amount of H2S at 6th and 7th weeks respectively. Another product from the anaerobic digestion process included disposal of organic manure with high quality of characteristics as pH, E.C., Organic carbon, total solid, and Carbon Oxygen Demand (COD) were 7.03, 17.43 dSm−1, 1318.27gm kg-1, 1 6.80%, 2150 mg L−1 for these characteristics respectively, so biogas technology Considered as recycling poultry manure to produce beneficial and safe bioenergy then prevent environment pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from using fossil energy to New and Renewable Energy (EBT) is something that is absolutely necessary. One of them is the use of solar panels as an alternative energy source, energy sources from solar panels can be utilized in the chicken farming sector to assist in the process of hatching eggs using an egg incubator. The energy source for egg incubators usually uses electrical energy from the National Electric Company, but if a short circuit occurs or a power outage occurs, the device will not function, while the egg incubator must maintain temperature and humidity stability in hatching eggs. Monitoring the energy produced by solar panels and monitoring the room temperature of the egg incubator so that it can work optimally, the Internet of Things (IoT) uses the Blynk android application. Testing the voltage, current and power readings using PZEM-017, the largest error difference on the voltage reading is 0.15%, and the smallest difference is 0.00%. The biggest error difference in the current reading is 1.62% and the smallest difference is worth the average error of 0.64%. Testing the temperature and humidity readings of the egg incubator using DHT-11, the largest error difference in temperature readings is 2.31%, and the smallest difference is 1.58%. The largest error difference in humidity readings is worth 20.37% and the smallest difference is worth the average error value of 11.11%. Solar Power Plants (PLTS) can help turn on egg incubators, but PLTS cannot overload egg incubators for 24 hours so they still need energy from PLN. The highest voltage generated by the solar panel during the 5 days of research is 13.79V, the highest current is 5.51A, and the highest power is 73.6W and the highest battery voltage is 13.6V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the potential renewable energy sources in Indonesia is solar energy. Indonesia, which is passed by the equator, has abundant sources of solar energy with an average solar radiation intensity of around 4.5 kWh/m2 per day throughout the region. In addition to the high cost of components and installation, the efficiency of solar cells is still low. Increasing the temperature of the solar panels due to continuous heating can reduce the efficiency of the panels. The decrease in solar cell efficiency is about 0.5% for an increase in the surface temperature of solar cells by 1o C. Therefore, the addition of a proper cooling system in solar power plants can also improve efficiency and increase the output power of solar panels. This research focuses on increasing the efficiency of solar power generation systems with fuzzy logic. The input system has an LDR sensor to move the solar panel to follow the direction of the sun, a temperature sensor as an input to control the temperature of the solar panel. Sequence of research methods, literature study, preparing tools and materials, design, testing, and data processing. This research found that solar panels with a solar tracker and cooling based on fuzzy logic obtained an efficiency percentage of 15.51% compared to static solar panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research still shows that physics is a field of study that students do not like. Some learning innovations are needed by teachers, one of which is through the development of fun media. This study aims to reveal the development of physics learning media based on Augmented Reality (AR) technology in the context of using ocean energy as a renewable energy source. This research was a Research and Development (R&D) using the DDD-E (Decide, Design, Develop and Evaluate) model. The results showed that many physics concepts were discussed through this media, and many student competencies could be built. The results of expert validation indicate that this media is suitable for use as a source of learning physics. This study recommends further testing to test the effectiveness of the application of this media in learning physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conduction of this study is motivated by the increase in the use of plastic-based products with negative impacts on the environment and health. This study aims to analyze plastic waste conversion into new renewable energy as a form of national sovereignty. This research is classified into the type of research that is qualitative. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of plastic waste management on reducing plastic waste which can then be used optimally through plastic waste management using a pyrolysis method. This research is normative legal research and using experimental method. The normative research approach is based on applicable laws and regulations. The experimental method research conducted with scientific approach. The data of this study were obtained from the results of analyzing the provisions of laws and regulations, journals, and relevant articles. Then, the data obtained will be analyzed descriptively analytically by analyzing and reviewing based on systematic rules to obtain an overview of the problems raised. The results of the study confirmed that first, plastic is a product that may produce fuel oil through pyrolysis, thermal cracking, and catalytic cracking methods. Second, data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia 2020 shows that the situation of Indonesia's oil and gas reserves in the last 10 years has indicated a downward trend. One of the ways to overcome this problem is to increase the quantity of reduce, reuse, and recycle into alternative energy sources into the new renewable energy using pyrolysis method as the implementation of 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is a very promising option for an alternative source of renewable energy. Indonesia as an equatorial country has great potential for the use of solar energy. Photovoltaic is a device that is useful for converting solar radiation into electrical power. One of the common application of photovoltaic in building are solar rooftop installment. In this study, a performance analysis of the solar rooftop system in the city of Medan is carried out during May 2021. The solar rooftop system with a total capacity of 10 kWp consists of 25 photovoltaic panels, each of which has rated power and voltage are 400 Wp and 38.7 V, respectively. The solar irradiation, power, voltage and current are measured and recorded. The total generated electrical energy output are 1011.8 kWh monthly, and the average daily electrical energy output are 32.639 kWh. The maximum performance ratio are 99.97% and has an average of 89.41%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass gasification is a hot topic as renewable energy technology for its wide range of application and capability to be integrated as waste to energy technology as well. Laboratory of biomass gasification of Indonesia has designed a micro scale rice husk gasifier to serves 10 kW of electricity of agricultural sector. The study was carried out by doing a simulation of small-scale rice husk gasifier by varying its working operations. simulation provides overview of syngas composition and showed the maximum LHV value of 6.47 MJ/Nm3 at ER 0.25 followed by increase in the maximum CGE value of 83% at a temperature of 900℃. Furthermore, the integration of renewable technology must consider the economical aspect. The gasifier has an LCOE value ranging from 0.014 USD/kW - 0.089 USD/kW depending on the use of the Gasifier. The feasibility of using rice husk gasifier also inspected using NPV, Benefits to Cost Ratio and Payback Period (PBP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of storing vegetables and fruits affects many farms, as well as large agricultural enterprises. Each manufacturer wants to keep the presentation of the product in the same form in which it received at the time of collection, increasing the shelf life until it is fully sold and purchased by the consumer. With climate change on the territory of Russia, many enterprises have been able to diversify the sown crop, increase the volume of production, and also expand the area for growing vegetables. With the growth in the volume of manufactured products for agricultural enterprises, there is a need to create modern high-tech facilities for the storage of vegetables or the construction of additional vegetable stores. The purpose of the article is to explore and develop a simulation mathematical model for the operation of an energy complex using an extended range of renewable energy sources in an integrated system. To describe the functioning of the complex of renewable energy sources (RES), the mathematical model contains models of individual elements of the energy generating system. When modeling the operation of the complex, the processes of functioning of the heat consumption system of the vegetable store are simulated, in addition, the mathematical model of the complex includes models for generating electrical energy by a wind power plant (WPP) and photovoltaic panels (PV panels). The key point of the simulation model is the functioning of electric batteries. The mathematical model was implemented in the Microsoft Excel environment using the built-in Visual Basic package. The developed model was used to simulate the operation of a potato storage with a capacity of 1000 tons of arched type. When modeling, we used weather data for the city of Yoshkar-Ola (Mari El River) for the period from September 1, 2020 to May 1, 2021. The technological cycle of potato storage was also modeled: the treatment period, the cooling period, the main storage period, the period of preparation for sale. Each period was characterized by its own temperature regime and ventilation regime. The simulation results (heat losses, potato storage power consumption by days, power generation by photovoltaic and wind turbines by days, daily battery charge) are presented in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern world, the issue of saving energy resources is becoming more and more relevant. The limited resources of minerals, the gradual increase in their cost make us look for new sources of energy. And the deterioration of the environmental situation around the world makes its demands on such sources of energy resources. One of the solutions in this situation is the use of renewable energy resources. Heat transformation units, by expending electrical work on the compressor drive, make it possible to use the heat of low-potential sources. This opens up opportunities to use the heat that we used to simply throw away. Modern heat pump installations allow the use of low-grade heat from various sources: earth layers, groundwater. Moreover, their temperature should not be below minus 5 °C, which is quite difficult to provide for the middle zone in winter conditions. In this situation, having a year-round source of low-grade heat with a temperature equal to +15 °C to +40 °C, it is reasonable to use it for such systems. Such a source is the condensers of the refrigeration system of the indoor training rink at the Druzhba stadium in the city of Yoshkar-Ola (Russian Federation). The Druzhba stadium also houses indoor tennis courts, which are heated by district heating systems. The purpose of the work is to assess the possibility of partial or complete transfer of the building heating system to the use of low-potential heat sources. To ensure high temperatures of the heat carrier in the heating system, it was proposed to consider the possibility of using non-standard refrigerants in heat transformation installations. In our work, the refrigerant R-21 is considered, which has a high critical temperature, which allows heating the coolant for the heating system to temperatures of the order of 50 - 85 °C. Such coolant temperatures allow it to be used in existing heating systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has the second-largest oil palm plantation in the world after Malaysia. Palm kernel shells are a byproduct of palm oil production that is often thrown away. Due to oil palm shells' hardness, difficulty, and long lifespan, this biomass waste can be utilized as a replacement for coarse aggregate. The purpose of this research was to establish a procedure for optimizing the physical and thermal qualities of hybrid briquettes made from palm kernel shells, wood sawdust, and coffee grounds blends. A briquette experiment was conducted with different palm kernel shell/wood sawdust/coffee grounds blends ratios of 75/10/5; 60/20/20; 70/10/10; and 65/10/10. A manually-operated hydraulic piston press was employed to make briquettes. The briquettes were put through studies to find out their density, compressive strength, calorific value, burning rate, and water vaporizing capacity. The mixing ratio greatly affected the physical and thermal attributes of palm kernel shell/wood sawdust/coffee grounds blend briquettes. The mixing ratio improved density, calorific value, and vaporizing water capacity while decreasing the burning rate. The 65/10/10 palm kernel shell/wood sawdust/coffee grounds blend B4 briquettes showed increased density (1.119 g.cm−3), calorific value (3719 kcal kg−1), water vaporizing capacity (0.851 L.kg−1), and low burning rate (0.846 kg.h−1). Palm kernel shell/wood sawdust/coffee grounds blend briquettes had better handling properties and are predicted to be an effective biofuel with good physical, fuel, and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the promising renewable energy sources that has the ability to supply all the world's energy needs in the future is solar energy. The determination of the maximum output from a photovoltaic system remains a significant challenge for photovoltaic researchers. This paper presents an experimental analysis of uncertainties such as variation in irradiation, temperature,andtilt angle, on two polycrystalline solar modules of 80W each. An experimental set-up consisting of halogen bulbs with a mechanism to vary the tilt angle and irradiation is incorporated with a regulatory mechanism which serves as artificial light source. The experimental results and graphs illustrate the variation in different parameters which impact the power output. From the results it is suggested that tilt angle between (15-20) o C is best suited for extracting the maximum power at the specified location. Finally, a power conditioning circuit with MPPT control is adopted to verify the effect of the presented dynamics. A simulation study using MATLAB is also being conducted by considering battery as a load and charging and discharging of battery along with state of charge is presented to fit the proposed method for future battery charging application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent days there is an increase in the need for suitable converters for renewable energy applications. This proposed work deals with a novel non-isolated hybrid DC-DC converter topology for renewable applications like Solar Photovoltaic (PV). To lessen the input current ripple, the suggested converter is built using a Layered boost converter (LBC) concept and this proposed approach becomes hybrid interleaved converter (HIC). By (i) applying the voltage lift technique and (ii) swapping out the traditional inductors present in the Linked Inductors (LIs) with the proper turns ratio which will be coupled to the LBC, and in the LIs' secondary side a voltage converter cell (VCC) is connected. By considering that the voltage gain is primarily extended at the secondary side, low voltage stress of 12.63% of the output voltage, is functional to the LIs and switches. The proposed converter produces a 15.83% high voltage conversion ratio. The experimental set up has been designed for the rating of 500 W. Results from an experiment using a 24 V/380 V, 225 W initial converter functioning at 91.6% efficiency provided as evidence that the proposed paradigm, was used to produce a high voltage conversion ratio of 15.83 with a minimal input current ripple (20%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaic systems are regarded as one of the most promising renewable energy technologies. They are the best alternative to non-renewable energy sources because of benefits such as abundant solar irradiation, minimal footprint, ease of production, and simple maintenance. The disadvantages of this system include the cost and efficiency of photovoltaic cells. Nevertheless, the cost of photovoltaic systems has gradually decreased over the decades, spurring increased acceptance. Many innovations to increase efficiency have been investigated by both academia and industry, but concentrated photovoltaics (CPV) technology is one of the simplest and most easily adoptable approaches. In this research work, a Fresnel lens was employed as an optical concentrator to build a concentrated photovoltaics system. Since increasing solar irradiation increases power generation by each cell, it also raises panel temperature, lowering the total efficiency of the system. To reduce panel heating, a novel method was devised and built that combines the CPV with a passive liquid dependent thermal management system based on silicone oil. Three alternative system combinations were evaluated in order to simulate different power production scenarios: Case 1 employed only the panel, Case 2 employed CPV, and Case 3 employed both CPV and liquid cooling. Using both CPV and liquid cooling, a 24.4% increase in power generation was achievable when compared to a standard panel arrangement. Diverse sensors were utilized to monitor various photovoltaic system parameters, and the data was transmitted to the cloud via Internet of Things protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main focus of energy generation is to facilitate the increase in demand for energy requirements, which can be non-renewable or renewable energy sources. Since non-renewable energy sources are debilitating at a much faster rate and are harmful to the environment, the requirement for renewable energy has increased. As the second-largest source of renewable energy, wind energy carries a great deal of uncertainty because of its dependence on both the geography and nature of the wind. Wind power forecasting focuses on prediction calculation, which makes it a cheaper and more reliable solution to integrate wind power with the power grid. The recurrent neural network (RNN) outperforms the traditional machine learning techniques in terms of prediction accuracy due to storing the past input in internal memory, which makes it perfectly suited for time series problems. In this proposed work, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and the transformer algorithm are implemented to forecast wind power production over a medium time frame. An analysis of both prediction algorithms is presented with evaluation matrices for all account features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the global warming, a supportable and sustainable transportation system needs to be established, which should be relied on renewable energy resources. This paper presents design, calculations of each parameter and simulation of solar powered ferry boat propulsion system which consist of 2.6kW photovoltaic (PV) system, 19.2 kWh battery system, bidirectional converter, inverter & 2.2 kW permanent magnet synchronous motor as an alternative to diesel powered ferry boat. The ferry boat is 21 feet long and 8 feet beam, capable of carrying 7 passengers at the maximum speed of 5 knots. Empty boat weight is 700 kg and capable up to 1.5 ton of water displacement. The performance of the system is validated through numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light is one of the electronic devices that humans need under various conditions and circumstances to meet their daily needs. The more lights are used, the greater the use of electrical energy used. Excessive use of electrical energy is one of the causes of the energy crisis. Various ways and efforts have been made to minimize the possibility of this energy crisis, starting from searching for new energy sources and renewable energy to creating equipment that uses low energy consumption or energy-efficient equipment. The right lighting system in a room can also be one way to save energy, namely by using the power of the lights in the room according to needs, such as things that are encouraged by the government to save energy. Technological developments at this time are very complex and have spread in the life of humans, which are required to use technology in their daily activities. Therefore, the researcher developed a website using the Unified Modelling Language (UML) modeling method to produce optimal lamp power and was easy to use by its users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) is a type of renewable energy plant that has the potential to continue to be developed in Indonesia. In operation, the MHPP will generally have a more stable output power when using an Electronic Load Controller (ELC) compared to the Power System Stabilizer (PSS) and Governor Control. ELC can produce a faster response in stabilizing the frequency due to load changes. However, it results in quite high harmonics in the output power, which can cause damage to electronic loads. The aim of this study is to develop an ELC with lower harmonics evenly at the output power when the consumer load fluctuates. The harmonic level is suppressed by adding an active harmonic filter (AHF) to the ELC. An Artificial Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) control system was added to improve AHF performance to make it more optimal. The proposed control scheme is simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The simulation results show that the AHF can function properly in suppressing harmonics when there is a load change. Then, the presence of ANFIS in the control scheme can suppress harmonics even better. The combination of AHF and ANFIS on the ELC was able to improve the quality of the MHPP output power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable Energy Power Plants, which are electric power generation using natural potential such as wind gusts, water flow, solar radiation, and so on, are environment-friendly power plants. Although environmentally friendly, renewable energy power plants have a very fluctuating level of electricity production depending on the natural phenomena around them, so proper planning is needed to prepare for better management of energy resources, one of which is forecasting short-term loads. This study uses the Complex-valued Neural Network (CVNN) method as short-term load forecasting at the Baron Technopark Yogyakarta renewable energy power plant in order to prepare for better management of energy resources to deal with fluctuating electrical energy production. The four CVNN networks architecture is tested, which are the input layer, hidden layer, and output layer will be varied for each network. This forecasting model uses Adam Optimizer as an optimization algorithm with a ratio of (80:20) and (70:30). Parameters for model training used include the number of samples that will be used to update the neural network model parameters (batch size), the number of times the entire dataset will be entered into the neural network model (epoch). The proportion of datasets that will be used as validation (validation split) and then the network performance will be evaluated using mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). This study shows that the best network model tested is a network model with 96-time units of input, 64 input layers, 32 hidden layers, 32 output layers, and a ratio (80:20) with MSE results of 0.001 and MAPE of 9.37%. The predictive ability of the network can be categorized as very good because the MAPE value is less than 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) is a type of renewable energy power plant that has the potential to be developed in Indonesia, especially in areas without electricity. A common problem in MHPP is the unstable output power frequency of the generator when the load varies. A device commonly used to overcome frequency instability is Electronic Load Controller (ELC) by balancing the power of the generator and the load. ELC performance can be optimized by adjusting the ignition angle of the TRIAC more accurately to deliver the power ballast load more precisely. This study aims to more accurately adjust the ignition angle of the TRIAC to stabilize the output power frequency quickly and accurately. The TRIAC's ignition angle was controlled using the Fuzzy-PI controller method. The proposed control system was simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The simulation results show that the Fuzzy-PI controller can optimize ELC to work faster in restoring frequency stability with a lower spike at the MHPP output power due to load changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart grid is a power grid that integrates user-generated renewable electricity sources such as solar panels and wind turbines with the company's main grid. This small generator is called a microgrid. A smart meter is needed in the 4.0 revolution era to control and determine the use of voltage, current, power, and electrical energy used and integrate two energy sources at once from renewable energy (microgrid) with PLN (main grid). The working principle of smart meters uses Kirchhoff's current law; a series of 3 branches, namely two inputs and one output branch, is used as the basis for developing smart meters. Using PZEM004T as an AC power sensor module that captures current, voltage, power, frequency, and power factor data, it is sampled and compared in each input branch using the Nodemcu 8266 microcontroller. For data acquisition of voltage, current, power, and electrical energy stored through the Mysql database using IoT facilities without having to be where the tool is located. This smart meter can detect the direction of the electric power flow the customer is buying (importing), selling (exporting) or both. With its ability to perform two-way detection, apart from opening up various innovations in electricity services, this research can also contribute to accelerating the adoption of renewable energy in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activities today are very dependent on the use of electricity ranging from simple activities to large activities. It has an impact on increasing electricity demand. At PLT EBT Baron Technopark Yogyakarta, electricity needs are generated by themselves. However, PLT EBT itself has a fluctuating level of electricity production depending on the natural phenomena around it. Therefore, it is necessary to plan for the supply of electricity to balance the electrical power generated, prevent blackouts, and better energy sources management to deal with fluctuating electrical energy production. One way to balance electric power with power demand in conditions of fluctuating electricity production is to perform accurate load forecasting in the future. This study uses the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method using data on the electricity load of PLT EBT Baron Technopark Yogyakarta from October to November 2021. In the training process, the best network model was obtained with input_width = 48, Train_size = 0.8, and build model = 64, 32, 32 where the MSE value is 0.001 and MAPE is 8.03%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart grid (SG) is a power grid system being developed due to information technology advances. SG can unite various generators, including micro-scale (microgrid), which are generally sourced from renewable energy such as solar and wind. It is called a hybrid operation. Adopting information technology in the electrical system allows the flow of power and information to run in both directions simultaneously and produces data that can be acquired in real-time. This data is helpful for the optimum operation of the electricity network itself, so it is called a smart grid, and one of the data sources is a smart meter. The potential for microgrid growth in Indonesia is quite large, considering located in the equator area. However, smart meters in Indonesia generally still do not support hybrid operation. In addition, it cannot record detailed data and send it online. This proposal aims to design an AC-DC smart meter to be implemented in PLN hybrid operations and solar panels. By following the rules of Kirchoff's Law I, the ACS 712 & Voltage Sensor sensor will be used to detect the current from a variable DC power supply that is set to resemble the character of a solar panel before entering the sine inverter, and PZEM004 will be used to determine the flow of AC from PLN. Furthermore, the data from the two sensors are combined and processed using Arduino Uno as the result of a hybrid operation whose data is sent to a database server. It is hoped that in addition to being able to combine two power sources (PLN and solar panels), this smart meter can also measure the hybrid operation for the direction of each power flow: whether the user is consuming power from PLN, from solar panels, or selling his solar panel power to PLN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current energy scenario on global and national levels indicates the endangerments related to the available quantity of energy sources. The depletion of the existing sources, being the major problem, focuses our attention on the more usage of renewable energy sources. Wind energy is having the highest potential in India. The government is also trying to reach 227 Giga-Watts of renewable energy capacity by 2022. Out of this 67 Giga-Watts of wind power capacity will be attributed solely to wind energy. In view of this scenario, this study plays a vital role. While developing the different methods to extract, convert, transfer and utilize the available sources of wind energy, several efforts have been made. During this process, there emerges a need for conversion and utilization of wind energy on a domestic or small-scale level. Considering this, the study has been conducted to understand the significance and scope of domestic wind turbines. There are different types of windmill designs and performance parameters that can be optimized for better performance. Such parameter includes airfoil design, wind speed, blade geometry, blade configurations, etc. Studies related to the impact of all such parameters on the windmill performance are observed thoroughly, and the related information has been mentioned here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world today is found to be inclined toward the use of more renewable sources of energy. Hydrogen as a fuel has been in the limelight due to its immense applications to generate energy. But the storage of hydrogen is of concern as it is a very volatile substance that burns vigorously. And this gas is to be stored in its compressed form for various applications. This has led the scientific community to explore the various possibilities for its storage and transportation. Type IV hydrogen storage vessels are one of the most prominent contenders for hydrogen storage. This work is mainly focused on the design of a Type IV pressure vessel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among renewable energy sources, wind energy treated as a major and viable option due to its available capacity to provide electricity in a consistent fashion. However, wind energy has a number of obstacles, including high initial expenses, the immobility of wind facilities, and the difficulty of locating suitable wind-energy sites. In this research, we employed machine learning framework that includes SVM and neural network to predict future wind power output using wind speeds and other meteorological parameters. We suggested a Support vector regression (SVR) strategy for accurately predicting wind power values and performance metrics are validated through MAE and RMSE techniques. The finding demonstrates the viability of proposed technique to predict future values of wind power in relation to past wind speeds and other meteorological parameters. The findings also demonstrated that proposed model is useful to determine the sustainability of a potential site for wind farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries are still dependent on fossil fuels as their primary energy supply. However, there is a growing concern about the sustainability and the environmental issue of fossil fuels. Therefore, it is important to utilize renewable resources as the energy supply, such as solar energy. As a country with a tropical climate, Indonesia has a great potential to use solar energy, due to the abundance of sunlight exposure. The present study aims to analyze several meteorological parameters for the installation of photovoltaic (PV) technology in Jakarta, Indonesia. The meteorological data provided by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Indonesia from 2008-2021 were used at three different locations in Jakarta. Data visualizations were used to show the difference between each variable in different locations. In addition, the statistical difference between the variables in the three locations was also examined using the Mann-Whitney U test. The test shows that all parameters are evenly distributed in the three locations except for a moderate difference in air temperature in the two locations. Furthermore, the monthly analysis of the parameters also indicates that the dry season, especially from August to September, would be the optimal time to utilize PV technology. Hence, this study would be useful to give preliminary insight regarding a site-specified assessment of PV plants in Jakarta based on local meteorological data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a residual by-product derived from the processing of crude palm oil (CPO) into cooking oil. Due to its high content of free fatty acids (FFA), PFAD is unsuitable for further utilization in food products. This study harnesses PFAD as a feedstock in the production of biodiesel, a sustainable energy source. The esterification of PFAD with methanol to generate fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was conducted using a semi-continuous reactor equipped with an ion-exchange heterogeneous catalyst known as amberlyst. The catalyst was employed at 8% of the substrate's weight for the esterification process, which was carried out at a temperature of 115°C for 3.5 hours. To assess the progress of the reaction, aliquot samples were collected every 30 minutes, and the acid number was measured. The amberlyst catalyst was subjected to purification and could be reused for up to three cycles. The outcomes demonstrated that employing the catalyst for up to three repetitions yielded FAME products with high yields of 98.58%, 98.27%, and 97.82%, respectively. A direct relationship was observed between the FAME yield and the reduction in the acid number. The consistent yield percentages after three esterification cycles affirmed the effectiveness of the catalyst in the esterification of PFAD into FAME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entire modern world is dependent on energy. Providing cooling with renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, is one of the primary answers to the energy and environmental issues. Phase change materials (PCMs) play a significant role in the utilisation of solar energy in cooling applications. Recent study on solar energy using PCMs for low and medium temperature cooling applications indicates that PCMs are widely employed in solar thermal cooling, transport refrigeration, and commercial food outlets. Since low-temperature PCMs can maintain the temperature of small-scale refrigerators for an extended time, it can be used to maintain the space temperature of the appliance without the use of an electrical energy storage during the night. The primary factors in adapting a conventional system to work with solar energy with PCM are performance parameters such as pull-down time and on-off cycle of the compressor. In this paper, therefore, the experimental findings for the pull-down time and on-off cycle time of a 210-liter solar refrigerator with and without a PCM are provided. The experimental data revealed that the compressor's pull-down time and off-time were raised by 78% and 6.1 times, respectively. In addition to enhancing performance and facilitating temperature maintenance within the refrigerated space, the per-day energy consumption was reduced from 14.4 to 18.5% as compared to the system without PCM. It was confirmed that the use of PCM in refrigeration systems can play an essential role in enhancing their overall performance. Furthermore, this study could serve as a key link between the PCM and all currently available small-scale solar-powered household cooling appliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the use of intellectual power networks and digital technologies in the development of the energy system is one of the urgent tasks. There is no way to constantly modernize the energy system without the use of information and digital technologies. The implementation of the use of fundamentally new methods in the energy sector and its integration into a holistic, interconnected and independent infrastructure will answer many accumulated questions today. The purpose of this scientific work is to consider various aspects of Smart Grid technology and compare its advantages over conventional power grid. To solve this posed task, it was achieved by using the following methods of theoretical research: systematic analysis and methods of comparison. The article shows the advantages of the intellectual energy sector over the traditional energy sector. Scientifically substantiated evidence is presented in favor of the development of the future energy system. The basic architecture of Smart Grid technology is described. The introduction of smart Grid technology based on the intellectual energy grid it is the reduction of load on the power grid, the reduction of electricity shortages on the grid due to the introduction of renewable energy sources, and a certain level of economic efficiency is achieved by managing the loadings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the results of a study of the possibility of using alternative sources of electricity for a device using a high-voltage electrostatic field when sorting cotton fibers during the primary processing of raw cotton. Also, for this purpose, a solution is proposed for the use of APV film generators as a high-voltage power source. At the output of the device, a high voltage electrical current can be generated as a result of polarized light hitting the film in the generator, which is used as a source of electrical energy based on the film element APV. Solutions are proposed for using this energy to obtain a high-strength electrostatic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a study of the possibility of highly efficient conversion of solar energy and heat using photothermoelectric converters (FTC). Design solutions of the device are shown. In this article, we conducted a literature analysis of the development of technology for the development and research of highly efficient combined solar and thermoelectric generators that simplify the operation of renewable energy sources, as well as increase the efficiency of photothermal devices. The theory of thermoelectric compatibility was explored to provide analytical solutions for device efficiency in idealized materials with temperature dependent properties. The methods of theoretical calculation of the mechanism of absorption and refraction of light were analyzed. The article presents the radiation of a selected wavelength in the volume of a photoelectric converter and the design of an efficient photothermal converter with a fixed slit. The possibility of optimal distribution of the light spectrum on the frontal surfaces of the solar cell and thermoelectric converter has been studied. According to the results of experimental studies, it was concluded that the efficiency of the photoconverter increases by 3 times compared to analogues, but operating without a thermal converter. A comparative analysis of the results of both foreign and domestic scientific developments is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of the power conversion increases harmonics and losses and reduces the stability of the power. New technology of multilevel inverter can be used to overcome disadvantages of traditional inverters. Multilevel inverter technologies have recently gained popularity as a cost-effective alternative for a variety of industrial applications. This topology has a few noteworthy properties, including lower component, lower switching losses, and better output voltage/current waveform. The reduction of harmonic components in the inverter output voltage/current is the most important requirement in multilevel inverters. The system suggested in this study is made up of four separate renewable energy sources. Three PV solar systems with voltages of (1:3:4)E values and wind-turbine of 2E value are recommended. The total dc sources were combined are (1:2:3:4)E to produce a 21-level output voltage. Also the system is designed to produce 17-level in the case of absence wind. The system is designed using MATLAB program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is one of the most widely used renewable energy sources. Various collectors were made, tested, and refined to perform in various temperature ranges. The parabolic trough solar collectors (PTC) are the most frequent in steam production and heat process applications. The receiver tube is the heating element and a crucial device (PTC) component. Many studies have focused on improving the thermal efficiency of receiver tubes. A detailed evaluation of the experimental and numerical investigations carried out to improve heat transmission in receiver tubes in four different ways. 1. Use to reduce heat loss (glass cover, selective coating, and evacuated tube) 2. They increase the heat transfer coefficient by using (turbulent flow, Nanofluid, and different gaseous). 3. Increase the surface area of heat transmission using (fins, porous material, surface modification). 4. Combine two or more of these methods. The aims of the current review papers is to improve heat transfer in the receiver tube and reduce heat loss, resulting in improved heat transfer to the thermal fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current period, the solar energy system has become the most important source of renewable energy, such as wind, fuel cells, and others. The need for it has increased greatly, so that it is relied upon in many services, industrial and agricultural fields, etc. With the increase in demand for solar energy, it leads us to develop and increase its efficiency and improve its performance in various ways. One of these ways is the interest in the monitoring system, which has received great attention from researchers and designers recently. Wireless monitoring systems have been linked with photovoltaic systems and display them on a platform in a more clear and easy way for the user. The design and implementation of a wireless data acquisition system for a photovoltaic panel system is discussed in this paper. based on the ATmega328P microcontroller integrated with the Arduino Uno board, In the proposed monitoring system, the Bluetooth technology was relied on to receive the values of the variables or parameters to be measured by the sensors that were previously determined, namely temperature, humidity, solar radiation, voltage, current, and power, and then display the results taken on smart phones and tablets running Android operating systems using the APK application. The proposed system is characterized by its low cost, simple design, open source, real-time measurement, developable, efficient, high accuracy, reliable, and practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]